John Stuart Mill’s philosophy of utilitarianism primarily advocated for the principle that actions are right if they promote the greatest happiness for the greatest number. He contextualized this in both ethical and political discussions, emphasizing individual liberty alongside the collective good. In his works like "Utilitarianism" and "On Liberty," Mill explored how personal freedoms contribute to societal well-being. He also asserted that quality of pleasures mattered more than quantity, providing a nuanced approach to happiness. Mill argued that social reforms, including women's rights and education, were essential for achieving a balanced society, thus shaping modern utilitarian thought.