The famous American novelist who penned "The Catcher in the Rye" is J.D. Salinger. Published in 1951, this novel became a defining work for adolescent literature, exploring themes of alienation, identity, and the challenges of growing up. Salinger's protagonist, Holden Caulfield, resonates with readers through his critique of societal norms and search for authenticity. The book's cultural impact continues to influence literature and popular culture today.