The famous mathematician known for his work on number theory is G. H. Hardy. His 1940 book, “A Mathematician’s Apology,” articulates his philosophy on pure mathematics, emphasizing beauty and creative thought over practicality. Hardy is noted for his contributions to real analysis and mathematical infinity, and he argued that mathematics should be pursued for its own sake. His legacy is marked by a focus on rigorous proof and the aesthetic values of math, inspiring a generation of mathematicians. Hardy’s partnership with Ramanujan also highlights interdisciplinary collaboration in mathematics.