Leo Tolstoy's literary works, particularly War and Peace and Anna Karenina, had a profound impact on Russian culture. His exploration of complex themes such as morality, love, and social change resonated deeply with Russian society, encouraging introspection and discussions around human nature and existentialism. Tolstoy's philosophy also influenced social movements, promoting ideas of non-violence and simplicity. His emphasis on spiritual awakening and ethical living provided a moral framework that shaped many Russian writers and thinkers. Overall, Tolstoy's contributions helped to forge a cultural identity that celebrated both literary artistry and profound social insight.