The influential African American civil rights leader who advocated for black nationalism and pan-Africanism is Marcus Garvey. His dedication to empowering black communities and promoting economic independence gained him considerable influence in the early 20th century. Garvey founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association and encouraged pride in African heritage. His vision emphasized self-reliance and unity among people of African descent globally, influencing later movements for civil rights and Black consciousness. Garvey's legacy continues to inspire efforts for social justice and racial equality.