Nelson Mandela's early life and activism were defined by key events such as his rural upbringing in the Transkei, which shaped his understanding of community and leadership. His higher education in Johannesburg exposed him to politics and the disparities faced by Black South Africans. Mandela became involved with the African National Congress and began advocating for civil rights, particularly in opposing apartheid. His arrest and subsequent imprisonment for his activism marked a turning point, leading to international attention and eventual release, where he emerged as a symbol of resilience and hope for freedom and equality.