Machiavelli introduced concepts such as realism and power dynamics that reshaped political thought. In his seminal work, The Prince, he argued for the necessity of pragmatic, sometimes ruthless tactics in politics, often summarizing his philosophy with “the ends justify the means.” This departure from idealistic views emphasized the complexities of human nature and governance. Machiavelli's ideas on statecraft, citizenship, and virtù influenced future political theorists and practitioners, marking a shift towards modern political science and strategy in the midst of Renaissance thought.