Thomas Paine's writings promoted transformative philosophies centered around democracy and individual rights. In works like "Common Sense," he advocated for American independence from British rule, emphasizing the importance of liberty and self-governance. Paine's ideas challenged hereditary government, arguing for a republic based on equal representation. He also highlighted the dangers of monarchy and called for a society rooted in reason and justice. Paine's influence on the American and French Revolutions marked him as a significant figure in Enlightenment thought, inspiring future generations to pursue freedom and human rights worldwide.