The prominent civil rights leader who wrote the autobiography "The Autobiography of Malcolm X" is Alex Haley. Haley collaborated with Malcolm X to document his life story, capturing his journey from a troubled youth to a key figure in the civil rights movement. The book serves as both a personal account and a powerful commentary on race relations in America. Through insightful interviews and narratives, Haley highlighted Malcolm's evolution in thought and activism, making the book a significant contribution to literature and history. It remains an essential text for understanding the complexities of race and identity in America.