Mark Twain's novels explored themes of American society, particularly regarding race, class, and morality. Works like "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn" tackled complex issues surrounding slavery and prejudice, challenging readers to confront the realities of the time. Twain's use of satire and humor provided a lens through which readers could critique societal norms. His depictions of the American experience reflect the struggles and values of 19th-century America, contributing to ongoing dialogues about identity and social change in the nation’s history.