William S. Burroughs' works were deeply influenced by the societal changes of the 20th century, including the rise of counterculture movements and the exploration of drug use. His experiences with addiction, as well as critiques of consumerism and authority, shaped his fragmented narrative style, evident in "Naked Lunch." Burroughs challenged traditional storytelling, utilizing cut-up techniques to convey the chaos of modern life. His reflections on politics and social issues exposed the darker undercurrents of society, influencing the Beat Generation and later literary movements. His works remain a critical commentary on the human experience in a rapidly changing world.