J.J. Thomson was the famous physicist awarded the Nobel Prize for discovering the electron, significantly advancing the field of physics. His pioneering experiments with cathode rays revealed the existence of negatively charged particles, which he termed electrons, fundamentally reshaping the understanding of atomic structure. This discovery laid the groundwork for modern atomic theory and contributed to advancements in various scientific fields, including quantum mechanics and electromagnetism. Thomson’s work exemplified how experimental physics could lead to profound theoretical insights, earning him recognition as a key figure in the development of modern science.