The historical figure known for his autobiography titled "The Long Walk to Freedom" is Nelson Mandela. This book chronicles his remarkable journey from growing up in apartheid-era South Africa to becoming a leading figure in the struggle for racial equality. Published in 1994, it details Mandela's years of imprisonment, his commitment to non-violence, and his eventual triumph as the first black president of South Africa. The autobiography is not just a personal story; it also symbolizes the broader fight against oppression and the quest for freedom across the globe.