Sir Isaac Newton is renowned for formulating the laws of motion and universal gravitation. These foundational principles revolutionized the field of physics during the 17th century. His first law states that an object at rest remains at rest, while an object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by an external force. The second law relates to acceleration, describing how the force acting on an object is equal to the mass multiplied by the acceleration it experiences. The third law emphasizes that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. Newton’s contributions laid the groundwork for classical mechanics.