Psychoanalyst Karen Horney challenged traditional gender roles in society, particularly through her critiques of Freud's theories on femininity. She emphasized the importance of societal influences on women's psychology, arguing that many gender disparities stem from cultural norms rather than inherent differences. Horney's work laid the groundwork for modern feminist psychology, highlighting the significance of self-awareness and personal growth. By advocating for a more nuanced understanding of gender, she contributed to shifts in how societal constructs affect individual identity and mental health, marking her as a pivotal figure in psychology.