The scientist whose work laid the foundation for modern chemistry was Antoine Lavoisier. Often referred to as the "father of modern chemistry," Lavoisier formulated the law of conservation of mass and helped to accurately define elements and chemical compounds. His systematic approach to experimentation established a framework for the scientific method in chemistry. Lavoisier's work debunked the phlogiston theory, reshaping the understanding of chemical reactions and combustion. Through his pioneering research, he transformed chemistry into a precise and reliable science, influencing future generations of scientists.