The author of the famous play "A Raisin in the Sun" is Lorraine Hansberry. Premiering in 1959, the play addresses themes of race, identity, and the aspirations of African American families. Hansberry’s work was groundbreaking for its honest portrayal of the struggles faced by black communities in America. She became the first African American woman to have a play performed on Broadway, making a significant impact on American theater and social discourse.