The first African American Secretary of State was Colin Powell, who served from 2001 to 2005 under President George W. Bush. His appointment marked a historic moment in U.S. history as Powell had a distinguished career in military and public service. Before his role as Secretary of State, he served as the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, becoming the highest-ranking military officer in U.S. history at that time. Powell is recognized for his role in shaping U.S. foreign policy and for advocating a diplomatic approach to international relations, particularly during the Gulf War.