Martin Luther King Jr. was an important figure in the modern civil rights movement in the U.S., known for his philosophy of nonviolent resistance against racial segregation and discrimination. His leadership in pivotal events, such as the Montgomery Bus Boycott and the March on Washington, underscored his commitment to achieving racial equality through peaceful means. King's iconic “I Have a Dream” speech articulated a vision for a just society, uniting diverse communities in the struggle for civil rights. His legacy continues to inspire movements for justice and social change worldwide.