The principles of civil engineering were developed through the contributions of various influential figures, including John Smeaton. Often regarded as the father of civil engineering, Smeaton was instrumental in modernizing engineering practices during the 18th century. He designed notable structures such as the Eddystone Lighthouse while advocating for scientific methods in engineering. His work on materials and structural integrity laid the groundwork for future advancements, making significant impacts on civil engineering that resonate through modern construction practices.