The first woman to receive a Nobel Prize in two different scientific fields was Marie Curie. She won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903 for her research on radioactivity, sharing the honor with her husband Pierre Curie and Henri Becquerel. Later, in 1911, she received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for her discovery of the elements polonium and radium. Curie's contributions to science broke barriers for women and laid the groundwork for advances in both physics and medicine, inspiring generations of scientists.