The first woman to win a Nobel Prize in Medicine was Marie Curie in 1903. She shared the prize with her husband Pierre Curie and Henri Becquerel for their groundbreaking research on radioactivity. Her work not only advanced scientific understanding but also paved the way for women in science. Curie's relentless pursuit in the face of gender discrimination and the challenges of early 20th-century science set a remarkable precedent for future female scientists.