Nelson Mandela was the leader of the anti-apartheid movement in South Africa, dedicating his life to dismantling the system of racial segregation that oppressed non-white South Africans. After spending 27 years in prison, he emerged as a symbol of resistance to racial injustice and became the first black president of South Africa in 1994. Mandela's leadership emphasized reconciliation and negotiation, focusing on building a democratic society that respected the rights of all citizens. His efforts not only led to the end of apartheid but also inspired global movements for social justice and human rights.