The famous novel that begins with "Call me Ishmael" is Moby-Dick, written by Herman Melville. This classic work, published in 1851, explores themes of obsession, revenge, and humanity's relationship with nature. Through the narrative of Ishmael, who joins the whaling ship Pequod, Melville delves into profound philosophical questions. The complexity of the characters and the allegorical nature of the story have made it a significant piece in American literature. Moby-Dick remains widely studied and celebrated for its literary richness and depth.