In the UPSC exam, general knowledge and current affairs are tested through multiple-choice questions in the preliminary exam and essay-type questions in the mains exam. The preliminary phase assesses candidates' broad awareness of current events, history, geography, and significant national and international developments. In contrast, the mains exam requires deeper analytical and critical thinking skills to address comprehensive questions related to the current context. Additionally, the interview stage evaluates candidates’ understanding and opinions on contemporary issues, ensuring well-rounded assessments of general knowledge.