National and international issues are integrated into the UPSC syllabus through specific categories like polity, economy, and environment, reflecting their significance in governance. Awareness of issues such as global warming, international relations, and economic policies equips candidates with the knowledge to respond effectively in exams. Current affairs encompassing both domestic and global contexts help candidates connect theoretical knowledge with real-world applicability. Furthermore, understanding these issues is key during the interview stage, where social and political relevance is often examined. This integration ensures that aspirants are well-prepared to handle the multifaceted challenges in the civil services.