To effectively critique policies in their UPSC essays, candidates should adopt a structured approach. Begin with a clear understanding of the policy context, goals, and implications. Use evidence-based reasoning to analyze the effectiveness, challenges, and potential impacts of the policy. Candidates should also reference relevant case studies or examples to support their arguments. Incorporating perspectives from diverse stakeholders adds depth. Lastly, conclude with recommendations for improvement or alternative approaches, showcasing critical analytical skills and a comprehensive understanding of policy dynamics.