To effectively break down complex subjects for UPSC preparation, aspirants should start by identifying core concepts and sub-topics. Utilizing concept maps or diagrams helps visualize intricate relationships among ideas. Breaking study material into manageable chunks and scheduling focused study sessions can prevent overwhelm. Additionally, integrating interdisciplinary approaches allows for broader understanding. Teaching the material to peers or using active recall methods reinforces understanding. Regularly revisiting the subject matter through revision ensures better retention, aiding in mastering even the most complex topics.