Challenges in achieving universal primary education include poverty, cultural barriers, and inadequate infrastructure. Many families face financial constraints that prevent school attendance, while children in rural areas may lack access to nearby schools. Cultural attitudes can also discourage certain groups from pursuing education, particularly girls. Additionally, inadequate government funding and resources can hinder the quality of education. Overcoming these challenges requires coordinated efforts from governments, NGOs, and communities to develop solutions that ensure every child has the right to quality education.