Effective governance characteristics highlighted in UPSC studies include transparency, accountability, and efficiency. Governance should ensure that citizens have access to information and can hold public officials responsible for their actions. Additionally, a focus on inclusiveness ensures that all sections of society are considered in policy-making processes. Ethical leadership, responsiveness to public needs, and the ability to implement developmental policies effectively are also critical. By understanding these characteristics, UPSC aspirants can better appreciate the complexities of governance and the expectations of civil servants in achieving sustainable development.