Aspirants should focus on major historical events such as the Independence Movement, Partition of India, and significant post-independence reforms. Additionally, understanding the impact of global events like World Wars and Cold War on India is crucial. Key figures like Mahatma Gandhi and B.R. Ambedkar should also be highlighted, along with movements for social justice and regional identity. A comprehensive grasp of these topics will help in both the Preliminary and Mains examination stages of the UPSC.