Common themes in the Ethics paper of the UPSC Mains include integrity, accountability, empathy, and public service values. Candidates are frequently challenged to analyze case studies that reflect moral dilemmas and ethical decision-making in public administration. Themes related to transparency, whistleblowing, and corruption are integral, prompting aspirants to reflect on their roles as civil servants. Furthermore, discussions on values like fairness and justice underline the importance of ethical conduct in governance. A strong grasp of ethical principles provides aspirants with a framework for navigating complexities in future administrative roles effectively.