Common themes in governance that candidates should focus on for essay writing include accountability, transparency, and sustainable development. These themes reflect the core principles of effective governance and resonate with contemporary debates in India. Discussing accountability emphasizes the responsibility of officials towards citizens, while transparency highlights the importance of open governance. Addressing sustainable development showcases the need for policies that balance economic growth with environmental conservation. Additionally, themes like social justice, public participation, and digital governance can also be explored, providing a holistic view and enriching essay content.