The UPSC mains examination format consists of nine papers, including two qualifying papers and sevengeneral studies papers. The first two qualifying papers focus on languages, while the remaining papers cover subjects like essay writing and various general studies topics, including polity, economics, environmental studies, and ethics. Each paper is typically of three hours duration and is designed to assess the depth of understanding and articulation of complex ideas. Test-takers must adhere to strict word limits and guidelines for each question, reflecting their analytical and writing capabilities.