The role of case studies in the Ethics paper for UPSC is to provide practical scenarios where candidates must apply ethical principles to real-world situations. Analyzing case studies helps aspirants evaluate moral dilemmas and make ethical decisions relevant to public administration. This exercise is critical as it prepares candidates to face challenges they may encounter in civil service roles, requiring them to navigate complex issues with integrity. Furthermore, case studies encourage candidates to think critically and articulate their reasoning, showcasing their ethical reasoning abilities to the interview panel.