To simplify complex topics in UPSC, candidates can break them down into smaller, manageable segments. Utilizing visual aids, such as charts and diagrams, can make difficult concepts more digestible. Summarizing information in bullet points or brief notes encourages clarity and easy revision. Moreover, relaying complex topics in their own words fosters better understanding and retention. Engaging in discussions or teaching peers can further elucidate challenging subjects. Regular practice of writing answers on complex issues aids in distilling key points and improving articulation, facilitating clearer comprehension.