Case studies play a critical role in the UPSC mains exam by allowing candidates to apply theoretical knowledge to real-world scenarios. They encourage analytical thinking, problem-solving, and the application of various concepts learned during preparation. Responding to case studies helps aspirants demonstrate their understanding of policies, governance, and socio-economic issues. It provides a platform to showcase practical approaches to complex issues, enhancing their ability to craft comprehensive and viable solutions. This skill is especially crucial for those pursuing administrative roles, emphasizing the importance of critical thinking in civil service.