Key government reports that are vital for UPSC aspirants include the Economic Survey, the Budget, and various committee reports like the 15th Finance Commission. These documents provide insights into governmental policies, economic conditions, and social issues. Reports from the Planning Commission and the NITI Aayog are also crucial, as they outline developmental strategies and national priorities. Familiarity with these reports not only aids in answering related questions but also helps in understanding the government’s approach to tackling pressing challenges in the country.