To enhance retention of factual information for UPSC, candidates can employ various strategies, such as the method of loci, which involves associating facts with physical locations to create mental pathways. Active recall through quizzes and self-testing can significantly improve memory retention. Additionally, creating mind maps or flowcharts helps visually organize information, making it easier to remember. Spaced repetition, where information is revisited at increasing intervals, has proven effective for long-term retention. Finally, discussing and teaching concepts to others reinforces understanding and helps solidify knowledge.