The UPSC Mains Examination covers various subjects, including General Studies, essay writing, and optional subjects. The General Studies papers encompass diverse topics such as History, Geography, Polity, Economy, Science and Technology, and Current Affairs. Additionally, candidates face an Essay Paper that requires them to present coherent arguments on given topics. The examination's emphasis on both analytical and descriptive writing assesses candidates' comprehension and ability to articulate complex ideas effectively. It aims to evaluate not just knowledge, but also critical thinking and expressive writing skills.