To improve retention of vast amounts of information for UPSC, techniques such as spaced repetition, active recall, and visualization can be beneficial. Creating flashcards for key terms and concepts reinforces memory recall. Organizing information into mind maps helps in visualizing relationships between topics. Regular self-testing encourages candidates to retrieve and apply learned information, which reinforces understanding. Additionally, breaking study intervals into manageable segments improves focus and reduces cognitive overload, facilitating better long-term retention.