Unique study methodologies, such as the active recall technique and spaced repetition, can significantly benefit candidates in mastering complex topics. Active recall involves actively retrieving information from memory, which strengthens neural pathways and enhances retention. This method encourages candidates to test themselves regularly, reinforcing learning. On the other hand, spaced repetition optimally increases retention by revisiting material at strategic intervals. Additional techniques, like interleaved practice, which mixes different subjects or types of problems, promote adaptive learning. By incorporating these methodologies, candidates can deepen their understanding, improve memory retention, and develop a more effective study routine for their UPSC preparation.