The ancient civilization that developed along the Nile River is Ancient Egypt. This civilization flourished for thousands of years, benefiting significantly from the fertile land along the Nile, which provided sustenance through agriculture and trade. The Nile's annual flooding deposited nutrient-rich silt, allowing Egyptians to cultivate crops such as wheat, barley, and flax. Known for its monumental architecture, including the Pyramids of Giza and the Sphinx, Ancient Egypt made profound contributions to writing, mathematics, astronomy, and art. The civilization's rich history and cultural legacy continue to captivate people around the world today.