The ancient civilization known for its pyramids and pharaohs is ancient Egypt. This civilization thrived along the Nile River for thousands of years, and its remarkable achievements in architecture, writing, and governance are notable. The pyramids, particularly the Great Pyramid of Giza, served as monumental tombs for pharaohs, reflecting their belief in the afterlife and the importance of the divine monarchy. Ancient Egyptians also developed a complex religious system, writing in hieroglyphics, and made significant contributions in fields like mathematics and medicine, leaving a lasting legacy in world history.