The ancient name for Iraq is Mesopotamia, which translates to "between the rivers" in Greek, referring to the region situated between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. Mesopotamia is known as one of the cradles of civilization, where early societies developed writing, urbanization, and various technological innovations. It was home to significant cultures, including the Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, and Assyrians, and contributed invaluable advancements in law, literature, and science. Mesopotamia’s rich history continues to influence modern societies and is considered a vital area for archaeological and historical research.