The common name for the human vertebral column is the spine. The spine is a flexible column made up of small bones called vertebrae, which protect the spinal cord and support the head and body. Typically, the adult human spine consists of 33 vertebrae divided into five regions: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal. Intervertebral discs located between the vertebrae act as shock absorbers, allowing for movement and flexibility. The spine plays a crucial role in maintaining posture and facilitating mobility while providing a conduit for nerves running between the brain and the rest of the body.