The main fruit used to make wine is the grape. Wine production relies on the fermentation of grape juice, which occurs when yeast consumes the sugars in the grapes, producing alcohol and carbon dioxide. Different grape varieties greatly influence the flavor, aroma, and character of the resulting wine. The primary grape species used for winemaking is Vitis vinifera, which has numerous varieties such as Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, and Chardonnay. Factors such as climate, soil, and vineyard practices all impact grape quality and wine production, making winemaking a complex and cherished art form around the world.