The largest desert mammal is the camel, specifically the dromedary or Arabian camel (Camelus dromedarius). Camels are well-adapted to life in arid desert environments, possessing unique physiological features that enable them to conserve water and survive high temperatures. They can go for long periods without water, thanks to their body's ability to store fat in their humps, which can be metabolized into water and energy. Additionally, camels are often used as pack animals in desert regions, demonstrating their importance to human adaptation and survival in these harsh conditions.