The periodic table's atomic number for carbon is 6. This atomic number signifies that an atom of carbon has six protons in its nucleus. Carbon is essential to life as it is a key component of all known organic compounds, forming the backbone of biomolecules like carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids. Its ability to form stable bonds with various elements, including itself, allows for a vast variety of complex molecules. Carbon also exists in several allotropes, including graphite, diamond, and graphene, which have unique properties and applications. Understanding carbon's atomic properties is crucial in chemistry, biology, and materials science.