The primary chemical component of soap is fatty acids. Soap is produced through a chemical reaction called saponification, where triglycerides (fats or oils) react with an alkali, typically sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, to produce glycerol and soap. The soap molecules have a unique structure that allows them to interact with both water and oils, acting as surfactants. This means they can surround and break down grease and dirt, allowing them to be washed away with water. Thus, soap effectively cleans surfaces and skin by binding to and removing unwanted substances through emulsification.